Thalassemias. Iron overload: Frequent transfusions due to thalassemia can cause a build up of iron in the blood, which can, in turn, lead to heart disease, liver disease, diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, and other issues.These conditions are linked to poorer COVID-19 outcomes. Regular screenings are often recommended. This is the most severe form of this disorder. Diagnosis. Knowledge of your blood type is usually important if you're undergoing a blood transfusion or organ transplantbut in those situations, your medical team will test your blood type beforehand. 2020;95(8):E198-E199. If you're pregnant and heterozygous for beta-thalassemia, you may not need treatment, but there are still some things to consider for a healthy. More research is needed to, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. In fact, fewer than 57% of all Americans know their blood type, according to a 2019 survey from Quest Diagnostics. In a webinar designed to guide physicians in the care of hematology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, three world experts on thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) provided on-the-ground information from physicians who were . The study found that patients with blood types A and AB were found to be more likely to require mechanical ventilation and to require dialysis for kidney failure. Daidone R, Carollo A, Perricone MP, Messina R, Balistreri CR. Alpha-thalassemia occurs when your body has trouble producing hemoglobin alpha. Metabolism. The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease whose causative agent has been demonstrated to be a novel virus of the coronavirus family, SARSCoV-2. See additional information. (2022). Blood type has been identified as a risk factor in many diseases, from cancer to venous and arterial thromboembolism. Within each of these types, the severity varies, from causing moderate to severe anemia to requiring frequent blood transfusions. But if you only have the trait, you may have a slightly increased risk of high blood pressure or anemia during pregnancy, according to 2022 research. Genetic correction of concurrent - and -thalassemia patient-derived pluripotent stem cells by the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. However, as the situation surrounding COVID-19 continues to evolve, it's possible that some data have changed since publication. Exemptions may be granted for people with severe allergies to COVID-19 vaccines or any of their components. You can still pass on the affected gene, but you wont experience any symptoms. COVID Increases Risk of Long-Term Brain Injury, Study Shows, COVID Tongue: How a Swollen Tongue Could Indicate COVID-19, Even Mild COVID-19 Infections Increase Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Research Shows, CDC Adds Mental Health Conditions to High-risk of Severe Illness From COVID List, COVID-19 Pneumoniathe Lung Infection Caused by Getting COVID-19, Does Sunlight Kill COVID-19 and Does Vitamin D Prevent It? "As an individual, you have your blood typethere's nothing you can do about it.". National Library of Medicine Here's What You Need to Know, Omicron Infection Timeline: When Symptoms Start and How Long They Last. In particular, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, zinc, and selenium. There are four types of alpha thalassemia, and two main types of beta thalassemia. Thalassemia is an inherited (i.e., passed from parents to children through genes) blood disorder caused when the body doesn't make enough of a protein called hemoglobin, an important part of red blood cells. Your doctor can address any particular concerns you may have. You likely wont have any symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 infection in beta thalassemia: Preliminary data from the Italian experience. Facial Presentation in People with Beta-Thalassemia Major, The Hidden Signs You May Have a Red Meat Allergy From a Tick Bite, Alpha Thalassemia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More, Alopecia Areata and Diet: Foods to Eat and Avoid. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. People with thalassemia tend to experience similar complications from COVID-19 as those without thalassemia. Its important for a doctor to order a blood test to confirm the cause of your symptoms to ensure you dont receive any unnecessary treatment. chenevex, France. (2021). Guidelines for the Management of NonTransfusion Dependent Thalassaemias, 2nd ed. Orphanet J Rare Dis. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Beta thalassemia minor or thalassemia trait. Last medically reviewed on August 23, 2022. "We all recognize that we're not the same, but we have not been able, on a genetic basis, very often, to determine whether certain people with certain genes are more or less susceptible to get an infection if they're exposed to a germ," said William Schaffner, MD, an infectious disease specialist, and professor at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. Six had their spleens removed. This causes less severe anemia. COVID-19 vaccine is high priority for cardiac patients. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.6114. The clues have been mounting . 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Lynne Eldrige, MD, is a lung cancer physician, patient advocate, and award-winning author of "Avoiding Cancer One Day at a Time. Orphanet J Rare Dis. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Al-Shamsi HO, Alhazzani W, Alhuraiji A, Coomes EA, Chemaly RF, Almuhanna M, Wolff RA, Ibrahim NK, Chua MLK, Hotte SJ, Meyers BM, Elfiki T, Curigliano G, Eng C, Grothey A, Xie C. Oncologist. For those who have not yet started the medication, delaying the use of the medication should be considered. Each one has different subtypes and hence the severity . In late 2020, a team of researchers in the United States and Europe succeeded for the first time in using CRISPR to treat 10 people with sickle cell disease and transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia. Folic acid can help red blood cells develop. Certain medications have been approved to reduce the frequency of transfusions needed. (2022). People who are moderate to severely immunocompromised may need additional doses of the COVID-19 vaccine to stay protected. Accessibility There are no extra safety precautions necessary for people with beta thalassemia who get vaccinated against COVID-19 when compared with people in the general population. If you have concerns, speak with a doctor or healthcare professional about your individual risks. Jason DelCollo, DO, is a board-certified medicine physician and associate faculty member at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. Thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. Amidst coronavirus outbreak, thalassemics are facing blood shortage concerns. Blood. People with certain medical conditions. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Without enough hemoglobin, your red blood cells die more quickly, and your organs and tissues dont get enough oxygen. 2020;40(4):587-601.doi:10.1016/j.cll.2020.08.013, Hossain MS, Raheem E, Siddidqee MH. There has also been a shortage at other steps in the process, such as personnel available to perform collections, as well as process and deliver donated blood. People with certain medical conditions. For those who develop COVID-19, doctors should be aware of this increased risk of a secondary bacterial infection so that antibiotics can be started early with any signs, such as a fever. Newborn screening practices and alpha-thalassemia detection United States, 2016. Some people with thalassemia have cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease). Blood clots are fairly common with COVID-19, and many physicians view it as a disease of blood vessels. rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/thalassemia-major/, bccdc.ca/Health-Info-Site/Documents/COVID-19_vaccine/Thalassemia_Clinical_Guidance.pdf, heart.org/en/beyond-the-table/stories/covid-19-vaccine-is-high-priority-for-cardiac-patients, autoimmuneinstitute.org/vaccine-autoimmune-disease-faq/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8811850/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7321655/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8247188/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9016533/, medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.22278009v1.full, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8397014/, ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx, cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/downloads/summary-interim-clinical-considerations.pdf, cdc.gov/ncbddd/thalassemia/treatment.html, cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/interim-considerations-us.html, Everything You Need to Know About Thalassemia, Will COVID-19 Vaccines Give Lifelong Immunity to the Disease? 2021;16(1):114.doi:10.1186/s13023-021-01757-w. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Experts Explain. People with the most severe form of the disease may require regular blood transfusions. What's the Link Between ARDS and COVID-19? If you have minor or no symptoms, your provider may suspect thalassemia based on the results of a routine blood test. Should you get a COVID vaccine if you have beta thalassemia? According to this systematic-review meta-analysis, beta-thalassemia carriers could be less affected by CO VID-19 than the general population and more susceptible to die from COVID-19 or one of its consequences. Learn more about its symptoms and how it's diagnosed. In a 2022 study, researchers found that people with beta thalassemia minor had a higher chance of dying from COVID-19 than people in the general population. Yes, you can have the trait for both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. fatalities for sickle cell anaemia carriers and for -thalassaemia carriers. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0213. In a preprint review of studies from late July 2022, researchers examined how beta thalassemia minor affects outcomes of COVID-19. 2020 Oct;13(10):1081-1092. doi: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1819785. A 2022 study found that people with beta-thalassemia trait were also at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. doi:10.2144/fsoa-2020-0110, Papadopoulos KI, Sutheesophon W, Manipalviratn S, Aw TC. Working with your healthcare team to keep up with thalassemia treatments, getting vaccinated, and monitoring and treating for complications early if COVID-19 symptoms do develop are the recommended strategies to staying healthy through the pandemic. Some people have been re-infected multiple times with the virus, while others appear to have avoided the virus entirely. S124: Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. Abstract. Vaccination can help prevent COVID-19 infection and prevent severe illness if you do. -Thalassemia is the most prevalent single gene blood disorder, while the assessment of its susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) warrants it a pressing biomedical priority. Examples of coexisting conditions included insulin-dependent diabetes, heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, kidney disease, osteoporosis, hepatitis C, liver disease, and asthma. These diseases usually occur only in people who have at least two abnormal . ; 3 Hemoglobinopathies and Congenital Anemia Center, Ospedale Galliera, Genoa, Italy. This could be dangerous, as too much iron can cause serious health problems. eCollection 2023. The immune systems of more than 95% of people who recovered from COVID-19 had durable memories of the virus up to eight months after infection. Shortness of breath is a common symptom of anemia. Marhaeni W, Felicia FV, Sumadi Jap AL, Hartoyo E, Andayani P. Front Med (Lausanne). This complication should be monitored and treated as it is for people with other forms of preexisting heart disease.
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