[b] According to Nepl Mahtmya,[c] Nemi was charged with protection of the country by Pashupati. The Police Headquarters was established in 1952 in Kathmandu. Nepal is a signatory to the Geneva Convention, Conventions/Treaties on the prohibition of Biological, Chemical and Nuclear weapons,[131] International Labour Organization Fundamental Conventions, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Paris climate accord. 4.10Power of the Government of Nepal: The Government of Nepal shall have power to exercise supervision over and control the Police Force, and issue directives to the police; and it shall be the duty of every police employee to comply with the orders and directives of the Government of Nepal. Chandragiri 11, Satungal, Kathmandu, Nepal 446600. In the last 50 years, fashions have changed a great deal in Nepal. [305] Cholo-sari has become the attire of choice for formal occasions, official environs and festive gatherings. [244] Nepal has the second-largest number of Hindus in the world after India. [190], Nepal has made significant progress in poverty reduction bringing the population below the international poverty line (US$1.90 per person per day) from 15% in 2010 to just 9.3% in 2018, although vulnerability remains extremely high, with almost 32% of the population living on between US$1.90 and US$3.20 per person per day. [150] Relations between India and Nepal, though very close, have faced difficulties stemming from territorial disputes,[151] economics, and the problems inherent in big power-small power relations. Subalpine coniferous forests cover the 3,000m to 3,500m range, dominated by oak (particularly in the west), Eastern Himalayan fir, Himalayan pine and Himalayan hemlock; rhododendron is common as well. To offer and undertake advanced training for senior police officers in the field of leadership, management and administration, proactive policing, community policing trainer's training, etc. Nepal Police is currently led by Inspector General of Police Basanta Bahadur Kunwar since 24 March 2023. Nepal experiences five seasons: summer, monsoon, autumn, winter and spring. Nepal Police is the main and principal law enforcement agency of Nepal. Maruni, Lakhey, Sakela, Kauda and Tamang Selo are some examples of the traditional Nepali music and dance in the hilly regions of Nepal. The following list compares the size of police forces and police per head. The first contingent of police personnel was deployed in UN Mission in 1991. The present chief of Nepal Police is basanta bahadur kunwar. [19] According to Gopalarjvamshvali, the genealogy of ancient Gopala dynasty compiled c.1380s, Nepal is named after Nepa the cowherd, the founder of the Nepali scion of the Abhiras. The citizens of Nepal are known as Nepali or Nepalese. A typical pagoda temple is built with wood, every piece of it finely carved with geometrical patterns or images of gods, goddesses, mythical beings and beasts. After a decade of power wrangling between the king and the government, King Mahendra (ruled 19551972) scrapped the democratic experiment in 1960, and a "partyless" Panchayat system was made to govern Nepal. [221] Only about 1% of the energy need is fulfilled by electricity. The main objectives of NPA are: Nepal Police has started using Polygraph system for credibility assessment in criminal and internal disciplinary investigations from 6 February 2014. [220] The perennial nature of Nepali rivers and the steep gradient of the country's topography provide ideal conditions for the development of hydroelectric projects. The moon on the flag is a symbol of the peaceful and calm nature of Nepalis, while the sun represents the aggressiveness of Nepali warriors. [226], Nepal remains isolated from the world's major land, air and sea transport routes, although, within the country, aviation is in a better state, with 47 airports, 11 of them with paved runways;[227] flights are frequent and support a sizeable traffic. Varieties of Tibetan are spoken in and north of the higher Himalaya where standard literary Tibetan is widely understood by those with religious education. As per the Seismological Center in Surkhet District in the Western region of Nepal, two earthquakes measuring 4.8 and 5.9 magnitude with epicentre at Bajura's Dahakot were recorded overnight. Thakuri kings ruled over the country up to the middle of the 11th century AD; not much is known of this period that is often called the dark period. [85] Saptakoshi, in particular, carries a huge amount of silt out of Nepal but sees extreme drop in Gradient in Bihar, causing severe floods and course changes, and is, therefore, known as the sorrow of Bihar. The emblem of the Nepalese Police is worn on the headgear of all members. . ", "Austria / Europe / Member countries / Internet / Home INTERPOL", "Bahamas / Americas / Member countries / Internet / Home INTERPOL", International Statistics on Crime and Criminal Justice p. 135 link outdated, updated data unreliable, "Belgi telt niet meer, maar minder politiemensen t.o.v. Nepal is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious and multi-cultural state, with Nepali as the official language. [152][failed verification] Nepal established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China on 1 August 1955, and signed the Treaty of Peace and Friendship in 1960; relations since have been based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. To prepare police instructors required for the entire police training system in Nepal Police and provide consultancy services. The Shah dynasty established the Kingdom of Nepal and later formed an alliance with the British Empire, under its Rana dynasty of premiers. [citation needed], Nepal saw the dawn of democracy after the fall of the Rana regime. The outermost range of the foothills called Sivalik Hills or Churia Range, cresting at 700 to 1,000 metres (2,300 to 3,280ft), marks the limits of the Gangetic Plain. It recognises marital rape and supports abortion rights. Gold jewellery includes mangalsutras and tilaharis worn with the pote by the Hindus, samyafung (a huge gold flower worn on the head) and Nessey (huge flattened gold earrings) worn by the Limbus, and sirphuli, sirbandhi and chandra worn by the Magars. [234] The annual population growth rate was 1.35% between 2001 and 2011, compared to an average of 2.25% between 1961 and 2001; also attributed to the absentee population.[235]. By the fiscal year 2016/17, Nepal's foreign trade amounted Rs 1.06trillion, a twenty-three folds increase from Rs 45.6billion in 1990/91. [271], Progress in health is driven by strong government initiative in cooperation with NGOs and INGOs. [310] The Columbian exchange had brought the potato, the tomato, maize, peanuts, cashew nuts, pineapples, guavas, and most notably, chilli peppers, to South Asia. Population density is high in valleys but notably less above 2,000 metres (6,600ft) and very low above 2,500 metres (8,200ft), where snow occasionally falls in winter. Major imports include various finished and semi-finished goods, raw materials, machinery and equipment, chemical fertilisers, electrical and electronic devices, petroleum products, gold, and readymade garments. As of 2016[update], there were just over 11,890km (7,388mi) of paved roads, 16,100km (10,004mi) of unpaved roads, and just 59km (37mi) of railway line in the south. [223][224][225] Nepal's electrification rate (76%) is comparable to that of other countries in the region but there is significant disparity between the rural (72%) and urban (97%) areas. [43] Ashoka also visited the Kathmandu valley and built monuments commemorating Gautama Buddha's visit there. Gorkha, one of the Baisi states, emerged as an influential and ambitious kingdom with a reputation for justice, after it codified the first Hinduism-based laws in the Nepalese hills. [315][320] Juju dhau, a sweet yoghurt originating in Bhaktapur, is also famous. They soon intermingled with the Khas people and by the 16th century, there were about 50 Rajput-ruled principalities in Nepal, including the 22 (Baisi) states and, to their east in west-central Nepal, 24 Chaubisi states. Around 600 BC, small kingdoms and confederations of clans arose in the southern regions of Nepal. Similarly, the rate is higher in central and eastern Nepal compared to further west. After several bloody battles and sieges, notably the Battle of Kirtipur, he managed to conquer the Kathmandu Valley in 1769. [230] Although there is high disparity in penetration rate between the rural and urban areas, mobile service has reached 75 districts of the country covering 90% of land area, and broadband access is expected to reach 90% of the population by 2020. [83] This makes Nepal an earthquake-prone zone, and periodic earthquakes that have devastating consequences present a significant hurdle to development. [316] Among these groups, strong discomfort is felt at thoughts of eating meat. [58][59], In the late 1940s, newly emerging pro-democracy movements and political parties in Nepal were critical of the Rana autocracy. [280] Economic immigrants, and refugees fleeing persecution or war, from neighbouring countries, Africa and the Middle East, termed "urban refugees" because they live in apartments in the cities instead of refugee camps,[281][282][283] lack official recognition; the government facilitates their resettlement in third countries. [343], The only international stadium in the country is the multi-purpose Dasarath Stadium where the men and women national football teams play their home matches. [249] Though there is significant gender disparity in overall literacy rate,[5] girls have overtaken boys in enrolment to all levels of education. [199] The distribution of wealth among the Nepalis is consistent with that in many developed and developing countries: the highest 10% of households control 39.1% of the national wealth and the lowest 10% control only 2.6%. [130] Nepal also has made progress in LGBT rights and gender equality. The sixth point of the treaty directly questions the degree of independence of Nepal. [18] According to Buddhist mythology, Manjushri Bodhisattva drained a primordial lake of serpents to create the Nepal valley and proclaimed that Adi-Buddha Ne would take care of the community that would settle it. By the 14th century, the empire had splintered into loosely associated Baise rajyas, literally 22 states as they were counted. Each province is composed of 8 to 14 districts. [209], The rate of unemployment and underemployment exceeds half of the working-age population,[210] driving millions to seek employment abroad, mainly in India, the Gulf, and East Asia. [313] Tea and buttermilk (fermented milk leftover from churning butter from yoghurt) are common non-alcoholic drinks. The emblem of the Nepalese Police is worn on the headgear of all members. Nepal was admitted to the United Nations in 1955, and friendship treaties were signed with India in 1950 and China in 1960. The Nepal Police is a government body responsible for enforcing law and order in Nepal. [165] Nepal Army is primarily used for routine security of critical assets, an anti-poaching patrol of national parks, counterinsurgency, and search and rescue during natural disasters;[171] it also undertakes major construction projects. [157], Nepal emphasises greater cooperation in South Asia and actively pushed for the establishment of SAARC, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, the permanent secretariat of which, is hosted in Kathmandu. [183] Nepal's foreign exchange remittances of US$8.1billion in 2018, the 19th largest in the world and constituting 28.0% of GDP,[184] were contributed to its economy by millions of workers primarily in India, the Middle East and East Asia, almost all of them unskilled labourers. ", "Current Shortening Across the Himalayas of Nepal", "National Earthquake Monitoring & Research Center", "The Status of Nepal's Mammals: The National Red List Series", "Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas", "Status and Conservation of Lowland Terai Wetlands in Nepal", "Forest cover has increased in Nepal of late", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "National bird on verge of disappearance", "Tethys retreat and Himalayas-Hengduanshan Mountains uplift and their significance on the origin and development of the sino-himalayan elements and alpine flora", "Out-of-India Gondwanan Origin of Some Tropical Asian Biota", "Table 8a: Total endemic and threatened endemic species in each country (totals by taxonomic group): VERTEBRATES", "Table 5: Threatened species in each country (totals by taxonomic group)", "Bengal Florican Conservation Action Plan", "Conservation of white-rumped vultures in progress in Nepal", "Mahottari declared 58th diclofenac-free district", "Community Forestry in Nepal: A Policy Innovation for Local Livelihoods", "The Terai Arc Landscape Project (TAL) Gharial Breeding Centre", "Nepal celebrates 'zero poaching year' for rhino, tiger and elephant", " ' ' : ", " , ", "Is Nepal headed towards a communist state? Embed. Prithvi Narayan Shah, the founder of modern Nepal, is held in high regard and considered "Father of the Nation" by many.[295][296]. [264] While sedentary lifestyle, imbalanced diet and consumption of tobacco and alcohol has contributed in the rise of non-communicable diseases, many lose their life to communicable and treatable diseases caused by poor sanitation and malnutrition due to a lack of education, awareness and access to healthcare services. [88] Nepal is a habitat for 4.0% of all mammal species, 8.9% of bird species, 1.0% of reptile species, 2.5% of amphibian species, 1.9% of fish species, 3.7% of butterfly species, 0.5% of moth species and 0.4% of spider species. Nepal Police is the primary law enforcement agency. As of 2014[update], an estimated 18.3% of the population lived in urban areas. [155] China is viewed favourably in Nepal owing to the absence of any border disputes or serious interference in internal politics, coupled with its assistance in infrastructure development and aid during emergencies; favourability has increased since China helped Nepal during the 2015 economic blockade imposed by India. The best known include: Dashain, Tihar, Teej, Chhath, Maghi, Sakela, Holi, Eid ul-Fitr, Christmas, and the Nepali new year. At the bottom is the national motto, a Sanskrit quote of patriotism attributed in Nepali folklore to Lord Rama, written in Devanagari script"Mother and motherland are greater than heaven". [89] The dramatic differences in elevation found in Nepal (60m from sea level in the Terai plains, to 8,848m Mount Everest)[90] result in a variety of biomes. The traditional one called the chaubandi cholo, like the daura, is full-sleeved, double-breasted with pleats and strings, and extends down to the patuka, covering the midriff. In response, the system of national parks and protected areas, first established in 1973 with the enactment of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1973,[107] was substantially expanded. [245], Nepal entered modernity in 1951 with a literacy rate of 5% and about 10,000 students enrolled in 300 schools. [48] In the eastern hills, a confederation of Kirat principalities ruled the area between Kathmandu and Bengal. [204], In 2022, Nepal limited import of non-essential goods after its foreign currency reserves dropped. [227] As of 2018[update], all district headquarters (except Simikot) had been connected to the road network. It defines Nepal as having multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious, multi-cultural characteristics with common aspirations of people living in diverse geographical regions, and being committed to and united by a bond of allegiance to the national independence, territorial integrity, national interest, and prosperity of Nepal. [159] Nepal was the first South Asian country to establish diplomatic relations with Israel, and the countries enjoy a strong relationship;[160] it recognises the rights of the Palestinians, having voted in favour of its recognition at the UN and against the recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. [242][243] Nepal's constitution does not give anyone the right to convert any person to another religion. The government's statist approach to the economy seriously. Nepal performs most strongly in Governance and Social Capital but is weakest in Natural Environment. Thus began the reputation of Gurkhas as fierce and ruthless soldiers. Recruits will report to their stations for work from Monday 1 May 2023. Along with Armed Police Force, the police of Nepal is responsible for maintaining law and order and prevention of crime according to the constitution of Nepal and is under the authority of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Tibetan refugees began arriving in 1959,[277] and many more cross into Nepal every year. [113] Nepal has ten national parks, three wildlife reserves, one hunting reserve, three Conservation Areas and eleven buffer zones, covering a total area of 28,959.67km2 (11,181.39sqmi), or 19.67% of the total land area,[114] while ten wetlands are registered under the Ramsar Convention. [161] Countries that Nepal maintains a close relationship with, include the most generous donors and development partnersthe United States, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Japan and Norway, among others. [citation needed], Descendent of Sanskrit, Nepali is written in Devanagari script. Parts of Nepal and Licchavi was later under the direct influences of the Tibetan empire. Many cultures paint the walls of their homes with regular patterns, figures of gods and beasts and religious symbols; others paint their walls plain, often with clay or chernozem contrasted with yellow soil or limestone. [274] Toilet building subsidies under the ambitious "one household-one toilet" programme has seen toilet prevalence rate reach 99% in 2019, from just 6% in 1990. [139], Nepal depends on diplomacy for national defence. [17], According to Hindu mythology, Nepal derives its name from an ancient Hindu sage called Ne, referred to variously as Ne Muni or Nemi. [279] In late 2018, Nepal had a total of 20,800 confirmed refugees, 64% of them Tibetan and 31% Bhutanese. The name "Nepal" is first recorded in texts from the Vedic period of the Indian subcontinent, the era in ancient Nepal when Hinduism was founded, the predominant religion of the country. The fund supports to purchase medicines for physically and mentally handicapped and Renal Failure patients. The establishment of the Central Police Training Centre in 1963 A.D.[citation needed], The Peoples democratic movement of 1990 reinstated the multi party democratic system. [41] Nepal came to be established as a land of spirituality and refuge in the intervening centuries, played an important role in transmitting Buddhism to East Asia via Tibet,[42] and helped preserve Hindu and Buddhist manuscripts. The Nepalese Armed Forces are the military forces of Nepal.Composed primarily of the ground-based Nepali Army, organized into six active combat divisions, the Nepalese Armed Forces also operates the smaller Nepalese Army Air Service designed to support army operations and provide close light combat support. Following the success of Indian Independence Movement which Nepalese activists had taken part in, with India's support and cooperation of King Tribhuvan, Nepali Congress was successful in toppling the Rana regime, establishing a parliamentary democracy. [293] The constitution contains instructions for a Geometric Construction of the double-pennant flag. At first, the British underestimated the Nepali and were soundly defeated until committing more military resources than they had anticipated needing. Such powers conferred on them are known as police powers. [124] In the partyless Panchayat system initiated in 1962 by King Mahendra, monarchy loyalists took turns leading the government; political leaders remained underground, exiled or in prison. Nepal Police has arrested Ishan Lamichhane, 20, for allegedly misusing a high ranking police officer's insignia in a social media app called 'clubhouse' which is rapidly . [257][258] Tens of thousands of Nepali students leave the country every year in search of better education and work, with half of them never returning. The martyrs are the symbols of patriotism. [73] The rising barriers blocked the paths of rivers creating large lakes, which only broke through as late as 100,000 years ago, creating fertile valleys in the middle hills like the Kathmandu Valley. [127] Each local unit is composed of wards. Vulture restaurants[88] coupled with a ban on veterinary usage of diclofenac has seen a rise in the number of white-rumped vultures. The Nepalese Army also operates smaller formations responsible for the organization of . 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