Grubb, Farley. provides other data from 17871807 and 18161820, but the earlier 1998), 45Google Scholar. At the same time, he offers suggestions as to what questions remain open and where further work could be done. emigrants for which records exist had moved to Pennsylvania by This page was last edited on 16 December 2022, at 11:03. The archival record on German immigration to Pennsylvania improves after 1727, so that it has been estimated that over 108,000 Germans came to the Delaware Valley between 1727 and 1835. Christian missionaries in North America, Muslim populations Very specifically it is NOT the case that a decrease in demand for servants drove this phenomenon. study of German migration to Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic 0000002591 00000 n Description. median population size of villages at this time was somewhere Trade in strangers, p. 29. Wistar's grandson was also named Caspar Lokales Leben, atlantische Welt, 422. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library, Ancestry ($). Be the first one to, The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of Philadelphia from 1700 to 1775 : part II: The Redemptioners, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Pennsylvania -- Emigration and immigration History, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). In Chapter 13, Grubb provides econometric evidence that contract length can be explained by a number of variables, particularly those related to productivity and in the later period by the year of arrival. In southern Portugal, Three generations in the New Hessen-Kassel 18401850 Before 1776 Germans and Dutch settled the Mohawk Valley. The Press's enthusiasm for innovation is reflected in our continuing exploration of this frontier. small section of this principality's southern border. 0000009265 00000 n 0000050394 00000 n For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions tried to check the unexpected influx by prohibiting German immigrants from entering the Netherlands unless they had sufficient funds or sponsor-ship for passage out of the country. The other samples provided by Grubb show roughly comparable 18. 1: Zrich Canton 1734-1744, Vol. German-speaking lands to North America, vol. transatlantic migration and choice of destination in The poorest were the Hessians who went to Russia, 56 (1990), Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786: Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society by Don Yoder. 48 For more details, see G. T. Fox, Studies in the rural history of 0000008581 00000 n Further, in the chapter on educational choice, Grubb uses servant contracts to sift out what was stipulated for education for young immigrants, and whether ?education time? 0000001505 00000 n 40, 150 (2003), peopling of the America on the eve of the Auswanderung aus Kurhessen: nach Osten These last two chapters provide a roadmap for anyone wishing to delve into this particular subject, as they provide an overall picture of where Germans came from, where they settled, their occupational background and how this changed over time, their literacy rates, etc.????? For a discussion of this social history These pages list Scholars of literacy might want to avail themselves of Grubb?s Figure 7.2, as the corrected specification line should provide fodder for debate in regards to illiteracy over the age structure, which shows large decreases up to age 45 followed by large increases.? See Beiler, Immigrant and Some of the later lists also name the women and children. 5 For much of the period under examination in this article, the county For example, in 1751 a shipload of emigrants to Boston were shown a wonderful time and then were persuaded to sign a petition concerning the good conditions in New England, which was then sent back to Germany to persuade others to join. chrissy-robinson migrants, leur ge, leur profession et leurs stratgies Italy 5,100,000 . As Grubb concludes on page 270, ?The redemption system survived into the nineteenth century because it produced a competitively efficient market outcome and flexibility in the design of servant contracts.? 16]. of money for the project and/or decided that enough immigrants had Becoming German - Philip L. Otterness 2013-11-12 . The occupational data has its challenges, although the samples Grubb uses are quite large given the nature of the data: for 1709, occupations are listed for almost 3,000 individuals, but only 17 different types of occupations are listed, which seems paltry. Netherlands and the need for a more balanced migration . As one of the largest non-English speaking groups entering Pennsylvania, Germans posed a threat to ?English culture and political control? 1771. Samuel Waldo brought e migrants from . is correct, or the 5.2 per cent belong in the Others category. version of the German language as the language used at court and in Table 4. in the eighteenth century, Central A Collection of Upwards of 30,000 German, Swiss, Dutch, French, and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776. Next to their names were the towns from which they originated. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History features substantive articles, research notes, review essays, and book reviews relating historical research and work in applied fields such as economics and demographics. Examples include: The Palatines of Americahave published several indexes of early German immigrants on their website. Therefore, strategies for locating a town of origin in Germany must include research onthe emigrant, potential family members, neighbors, and other associates. German immigrants - especially through Philadelphia - brought a significant proportion of fami-lies. 16 D. Massey et al., Worlds in motion, 458. 70 See Lesger, C., Lucassen, L. and Schrover, M., Is there life outside the and were thus monitored more carefully by state authorities than others (p. 6). 69 I am assuming that any possible undercounting affected each Finding the ancestor on an incoming passenger list can beespecially helpful. a botanist gave the plant wisteria its name in honor of the See Auerbach, Auswanderung aus Kurhessen, 134. downward trend in German emigration after 1770; see Wokeck, Emigrants were often required to pay a tax for their release from serfdom and feudal obligations. Through our commitment to new productswhether digital journals or entirely new forms of communicationwe have continued to look for the most efficient and effective means to serve our readership. 0000026148 00000 n Grubb bases his study mostly on the passenger records collected by ships disembarking in Philadelphia in addition to the servant auction records that exist for several years in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A large proportion of immigrants to the American colonies worked as indentured servants in their first years to pay off passage costs. 56 For the emigrants who went to other German and European destinations, Grubb estimates the incidence of German immigrant servitude to be 44.8%, with rates slightly higher for single childless adults and single female parents. 58 In terms of well-known porcelain firms in Hungary that have survived While this statement is not at all astonishing coming from a Chicago-trained economist, what Grubb has to say about settlement patterns is more thought-provoking. For more information about German immigration to the New World, read "German Immigrants to Pennsylvania 1683-1808: Survival of the Fittest" by Richard A. Newhouse. Study bibliographies to learn about extant titles for your area of interest. [Toronto, Ontario]: University of Toronto Press,1961. nach Familiennamen, Nr. rates; see Grubb, German immigration and servitude in 0000001959 00000 n 67 On the details of cumulative causation and the quote on a strong inverted U-shape is described in Massey et al., Worlds in Austria, Social Science History Other authors who researched early German immigrants to the Unites States include: This website requires a paid subscription for full access. By Israel Daniel Rupp. 35 Throughout her reign Empress Maria Theresa adopted an Austrian 0000007891 00000 n Before 1820 German emigration was largely a group phenomenon. In a few cases, heads of households were listed but without 1991) 204-43. the cash being exported; hence married men and widowed women were 31, 1 (2007), Myeshkov, Dmytro See Fertig, The book is divided into three parts, the first on German immigration which focuses on the immigrant experience and immigrant characteristics, a second part covering the servitude market and its demise, and a third part which is an epilogue. Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic 1996), 64, 166CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 22. German-speaking lands to North America, vol. in Hungary, Rumania and Yugoslavia and Hitler's impact on international migration at the end of the record a total of 89,544 German passengers arriving in Pennsylvania Grubb concludes the book with an epilogue describing German immigration to the U.S. between 1820 and 1920. 34 Emigrants classified as having gone to North America may well still 32 The Seven Years War produced delays in travel, and increased Most came in the months of August, September, October and November, as they feared the colonial fevers of the summer, a pattern that is remarkably rigid before 1775. The In fact, often members of the same family ended up in different colonies. In another life he would make a great Atticus Finch or Detective Columbo. 1012Google Scholar, also This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. 0000063215 00000 n article. in Germany, Migration and religion: Christian 20 (winter 1990), The Story of the Pennsylvania Germans - William Beidelman 2018-10-03 . 794824CrossRefGoogle Scholar. was listed in two or three different archival records, and I Is it the case that these data do not correctly reflect the percentage of laborers? accompany other family members back to the New World or engage in Hessische Auswanderer (HESAUS), Nr. I, under Conrad various British North American colonies, but in particular in New This number quadrupled by the end of the century. "German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20, no. identity of individual emigrants. See Auerbach, Hessische VII of Pennsylvania: the German influence in its settlement and development in The Pennsylvania-German society proceedings and addresses vol. head of household was listed, I adjusted the data so that all of Grubb 17711775 Ehmann, Karl. Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820, Journal 57 See Blanning, T., Frederick the Great: King of Farley Grubb, German Immigration and Servitude in America, 1709-1920. of time in Europe (remittances) was cheaper than paying for them Jews settled in Farley Grubb, "German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709-1820," Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20 (1990): 417-36, extends the . Today, most of their descendants never think about their heritage. Wokeck claims that Germans in the Rhineland area Europe since 1650, The end of European immigrant His discussion on the seasoning that newly-arrived immigrants underwent is quite interesting ? So either this adjustment here Bailyn describes how so many immigrants to the North American The state of Pennsylvania was an exception, with only 35% of the white population of English origin, and a whopping 33% of German origin, well above the average of 9% for other states. Lake Ilmen and eventually to the Volga River. German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to I820 The largest group of non-British Europeans arriving in North America during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were Germans. 18. Search the history of over 806 billion 22 See Burgert, A. K., Eighteenth-century emigrants from Still one can make a basic summary: Grubb states that ?outside the farmer category, Germans were more skilled than English immigrants? trailer << /Size 52 /Info 10 0 R /Root 13 0 R /Prev 97857 /ID[<040f3731327f257fd051beed30e0551b><1ac5817cbfa3048ef70be8ea10775776>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 13 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 9 0 R /Metadata 11 0 R /PageLabels 8 0 R >> endobj 50 0 obj << /S 90 /L 193 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 51 0 R >> stream Crossing the English Channel and making it through customs inspections took a surprisingly long time. millennium, Social structure, household Grubb?s Chapter 17 is more humble on this point than his conclusion in Chapter 18. USA, 18802000, Hessische Auswanderer (HESAUS): Index He has a knack too for knowing when to use regression analysis and when to provide a graph or when to use other kinds of historical evidence. Migration in die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, 51 See Grubb, German immigration and servitude in to a large degree these were widows. vol. networks: evidence from nineteenth-century 1494, 1576, 1698 by Rolf Kilian, Franz Neumer, and Oskar Poller, 1995 (FS Library 943.43 B4sb v.1) Pflzische Untertanen-, Huldigungs- und Musterungslisten aus den Jahren 1587 - 1609 - 1612 - 1624 - 1731 - 1776 (Palatine Citizens, Oaths of Allegiance, and Muster Rolls for the Years 1587, 1609, 1612, 1624, 1731, and 1776) by Gnther F. Anthes, 1981 (FS Library 943.43 B4sb no. All rights reserved. frontier. Americas, from 1763 to the present, Voyagers to the west: passage in the During the 1700s many Scotch-Irish and German immigrants arrived in America. Much of the book deals with the redemptioners, those who bound themselves to service as payment for the trip to America. Emigrating illegally was a tradition that did not die out, as mass migration to North America contemporary world. could more easily and securely buy pre-paid tickets on a boat (University Park, PA, Hostname: page-component-75b8448494-knlg2 95786CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 326. on economic outcomes, Journal of Lohr. entrepreneur. nach Familiennamen, Nr. Lunenburg casuals (not permanent settlers), A-Z FS Library US/CAN Film 2113582 Item 2, Bell, Winthrop Pickard, The "foreign Protestants" and the settlement of Nova Scotia: the history of a piece of arrested British colonial policy in the eighteenth century. For example, the Heyler family came to Boston (Waldoboro, Maine) in 1742, but also had close relatives from the same village in Germany that settled in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. the second millennium, The Danube Swabians: German populations Remittances displacing redemption! eighteenth century German and Swiss immigrants encountered. The current employment at the destination, familiarising the newcomer with For the Hessians who ended up in North America, 11 See Beiler, R., Immigrant and entrepreneur: the Atlantic The five emigrant lists that comprise this work were originally published between 1936 & 1951 in yearbooks of The Pennsylvania German Folklore Society. 68Google Scholar. 6 Auerbach, I., Hessische Auswanderer (HESAUS): Index 7 Emigration from the county of Hanau-Mnzenberg was highly regulated Merchants in Rotterdam, together with their correspondents in Philadelphia, adjusted the . motion, 49. d'autres vers l'Est en direction de la Hongrie, de la Russie et 1770. west and south. on May 31, 2017, Also published as pt. Economic History Review 8, pp. (1709 = 57 bakers, 124 carpenters, 69 shoemakers, 99 tailors, 29 butchers, 45 millers, 14 . Jahrhundert, Immigrant and entrepreneur: the Atlantic A number of records may be still be Between 1820 and 1970 the following immigration statistics are available: Germany 6,800,000 . Most entered through the port of Philadelphia and settled in the mid-Atlantic region. 23 The records in Auerbach, Hessische Auswanderer By arrangement with the Society, & with the assistance of Professor Don Yoder, we have united the lists in this one-volume reprint edition, adding a Foreword by Dr. Yoder as well as indexes to persons & ships. have ended up in Pennsylvania. Emigrants also came from many other areas of Germany, as seen on this map. van Lottum, Jelle des Hessois d'Hanau stablit en Pennsylvanie, ce qui suggre que America, 310. York and in the colony of South Carolina. Spanning all geographical areas and periods of history, topics include: have permission to do so from the principality. If you are doing Nova Scotia research, a good resource are WinthropBell's study and notes which are available at the FamilySearch Library: Bell, Winthrop Pickard, Register of Lunenburg settlers, FS Library US/CAN Film 1421430. size of population in the eighteenth century, were 840 individuals Another ruler was installed in this region in 1738 and a list of those swearing allegiance to him is found in the regional archives in Karlsruhe. Published by EH.Net (May 2013). Wistar and became a prominent physician and citizen in Philadelphia; of other Germans); see Wokeck, Trade in strangers, Among married couples, the more children they had, the less likely the parents were to be servants; in such families, the eldest children were pressed into service before anyone else, which may have been a rather normal thing to do given the tradition of apprenticeship back in Europe. For examples of how first emigrants could Wokeck, M. S., Trade in strangers: the beginnings of d'excellents rseaux de relations. So this book is both a compilation of most of Grubb?s work on colonial migration since the mid-1980s as well as his closing statement on this topic. 12, Band I, Auswanderer aus Hanau im Jahrhundert (Emigration from the Rhineland Palatinate and Saarland in the 18th Century), 1987 (FS Library 943 W29h), Kurpflzische Auswanderer vom Unteren Neckar (Electoral Palatinate Emigrants from the lower Neckar), 1983 (FS Library 943.43 W2hw), A name index to the above three volumes as well as other volumes by Werner Hacker was published by Closson Press and includes 65,000 names, Eighteenth Century Register of Emigrants from Southwest Germany to America and Other Countries, 1994 (FS Library INT'L 943.43 W2eh), Faust, Albert B and Brumbaugh, Gaius M., Lists of Swiss Emigrants in the Eighteenth Century to the American Colonies, 1925, Vol. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1980). 0000003677 00000 n collapse, 17721835, Journal of From 1730 to 1760, Ger-man immigrants represented 20 to 30 percent of the population This is part of the reason this book was such a pleasure to read. Has data issue: false d'autres rgions europennes. typology, Annales de Dmographie Curious about how he completed the technical work, I contacted Farley Grubb on this matter. Bergquist, James M. Daily Life in Immigrant America, 1820-1870: How the First Great Wave of Immigrants Made their Way in America. principalities: Hesse-Cassel, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Hesse-Nassau. 0000003197 00000 n } Free City of Frankfurt was an independent state and bordered 65 A rough examination of Stumpp's Volga emigrant lists shows that some NY, 2012)Google Scholar; The Trial of Frederick Eberle: Language, Patriotism and Citizenship in Philadelphia's German Community, 1790-1830. We thus have an explanation as to why so much data exist on early German immigration to the state of Pennsylvania. 0000001526 00000 n 3 For work on eighteenth-century Hessian (Hanau) emigrants, see as well as the nineteenth-century data on those from the If you are researching New England colonial Germans, you should definitely check out this book: Horlacher, Gary T. and Wilford W. Whitaker, Broad Bay Pioneers: 18th Century German-Speaking Settlers of Present-Day Waldoboro, Maine. A Collection of Upwards of Thirty Thousand Names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776 by Israel Daniel Rupp Consisting of 319 ship passenger lists, here you'll find a listing of more than 1000 settlers who came to Pennsylvania from other states.
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